Everything You Need to Know About Solar Panel

Embarking on the journey to go solar is a commendable decision and a vital step toward becoming a responsible global citizen. However, making the switch to solar energy comes with its challenges. For beginners, the process can be confusing, and rushing into a decision without adequate preparation can lead to poor investments and potentially negative outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to consult with professionals before committing to solar energy. Solaric is providing its clients the best solar services and products with reasonable prize in Bangladesh. Please check our website for more details. This blog aims to address some frequently asked questions about solar panels. While the answers to these questions are important for anyone considering solar energy, they may not be comprehensive enough, especially if you plan to make a significant financial investment in solar panels. To ensure your investment is sound and beneficial, it is essential to seek professional advice and conduct thorough research before making a decision

What is Solar Panel?

Solar energy, which is radiation from the Sun, can be harnessed to generate heat, initiate chemical reactions, or produce electricity. However, we cannot directly convert this energy without the aid of technology. Solar panels are one such technology that allows the direct conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. These panels work by using photovoltaic (PV) cells, typically made of silicon, to convert sunlight into electricity. Solar panels are often grouped together in formations known as arrays or systems. A collection of such panels is commonly referred to as a "Photovoltaic System." This system typically includes one or more solar panels, along with inverters and additional components like controllers, meters, and trackers.

How does a Solar Panel work?

In simple terms, a solar panel converts solar energy into electrical energy. The fundamental unit of solar energy is called a "photon." Photons are both waves and particles produced in the sun's core, its hottest region, through a process called nuclear fusion. These photons are what generate solar energy on Earth. When sunlight hits the solar panels on your rooftop or mounted on the ground, it is converted into direct current (DC) electricity through a process known as the "photovoltaic effect."

Typically, a solar panel operates through the following three steps to produce the necessary energy: The first step is to convert solar energy to electric energy. In this process a photovoltaic (PV) cell or solar cell is included in a solar panel. This is the key functioning part of a solar panel. Solar photovoltaic systems consist of several components, with silicon cells being the most crucial. Silicon, a nonmetal semiconductor, possesses the remarkable property of converting sunlight into energy. When sunlight strikes a silicon cell, it excites electrons, setting them in motion and creating a flow of electricity. These silicon cells are paired with a metal casing and wiring, which allow the solar cell’s electron to escape and supply useful power. A bus wire is used to connect silicon solar cells and to carry the electrical current. The second step involves converting the direct current (DC) produced by your solar panels into alternating current (AC). Why is this necessary? Because most household and industrial appliances run on AC electricity. This is where an inverter comes into play, transforming the DC electricity from your solar panels into usable AC electricity. You can either have a central inverter installed on the side of your house or opt for microinverters mounted on the back of each panel. The third step involves routing the converted electricity to your homes or industry’s electric panel, where it is then distributed throughout the building to power all your outlets. This ensures that a usable electric current is readily available whenever you need to plug in your devices. A solar panel system can occasionally include additional components such as metering devices, storage batteries, solar wires, connectors, charge controllers, monitoring equipment, racking mounts, and more. These components enhance the system's functionality and efficiency. Often a few other components are included to preserve the solar panel and make it more efficient.

Which Solar Panel is the best?

No single type of solar panel is universally superior, making it challenging to determine which is the best overall. The effectiveness of a solar panel largely depends on the specific needs and requirements of the user. To help you seek the answer to the question, "Which solar panel is best for me?" we will outline the advantages and disadvantages of each type of solar panel. Ultimately, the choice will depend on your individual circumstances. Considering the elements and the process of production the two primary types of solar panels to consider are "Monocrystalline Solar Panels" and "Polycrystalline Solar Panels."

Monocrystalline solar panel:

Monocrystalline Solar Panel is constructed from monocrystalline solar cells or "wafers," which are created from a single silicon crystal that has been shaped into a cylindrical silicon ingot. Here a single silicon seed is dipped into a molten silicon solution. The cylindrical structure that comes out from the solution is what is called a significant ignite. Which is then sliced and used to manufacture the ‘wafers’ of the solar cell. To identify a monocrystalline solar panel you just need to look at the color of the cells. Generally, monocrystalline cells have a black hue and round-shaped edge.

Polycrystalline solar panel:

Polycrystalline solar panels are also made from silicon, but unlike monocrystalline panels, they are created by melting multiple silicon fragments together to form the wafers. These panels are sometimes referred to as "multi-crystalline" or many-crystal silicon. The distinctive feature of polycrystalline solar panel is its blue hue and rectangular edges. Monocrystalline solar panels are higher in efficiencies. Since monocrystalline cells are made from a single crystal structure, the electrons that generate electricity have more space to move freely. This increased mobility makes monocrystalline solar cells more efficient compared to polycrystalline solar cells. Generally, fewer monocrystalline solar panels are necessary to produce sufficient electric energy which saves additional space. Moreover, monocrystalline solar panels generally outperform polycrystalline ones in terms of temperature coefficient. This coefficient measures how well a panel performs in high temperatures, with lower percentages indicating better performance. As a result, monocrystalline panels tend to handle high temperatures more effectively and maintain better efficiency under heat. Although polycrystalline solar panels are less efficient and have a higher temperature coefficient compared to monocrystalline panels, they shouldn’t be dismissed entirely. Monocrystalline panels are generally more efficient but come with a higher price tag. If cost is a concern, you can offset this by installing a larger number of polycrystalline panels. If you have ample space, using more polycrystalline panels can be a cost-effective way to meet your energy needs. However, if you are making a significant investment on solar powers, care for efficiency and don’t want to waste too much space for it- monocrystalline solar panels can be the best choice for you. Afterall, in a country like Bangladesh where there is a seasonal rise temperature, temperature coefficient should not be ignored. If you're making a substantial investment in solar power and prioritize efficiency while minimizing the space used, monocrystalline solar panels may be the best choice for you. In a country like Bangladesh, where temperatures can rise significantly seasonally, the temperature coefficient of the panels is an important factor to consider. Monocrystalline panels typically perform better in higher temperatures, making them a more suitable option in such climates.

How Solar Panels are made?

What are the Components of a Solar Panel?

There are a few components that are oriented together to make a solar panel.

Photo-voltaic Cell or PV modules: The basic building block of a solar panel is the PV cell or the solar cell. The most popular PV cells are made of silicon, also called silicon solar cells. Silicon solar cells generate electricity from sunlight through the photovoltaic effect. Arranged in a grid-like pattern between glass panels, these cells interact with a thin glass wafer, producing an electric charge.

Metal Frame: The metal frame of a solar panel serves several important functions, including shielding the panel from harsh weather conditions and other potential hazards, as well as facilitating the proper mounting of the panel at the desired angle.

Inverter: Solar panels produce direct current (DC) electricity, but most homes and industries require alternating current (AC) for their energy needs. The inverter plays a crucial role in bridging this gap by converting the DC electricity generated by the solar panels into AC electricity, which can be used to power homes or feed back into the grid. The type of inverter chosen, whether string inverters or microinverters, significantly affects the efficiency and performance of the solar system.

Solar Battery: On cloudy days or night, solar power production is hampered. Solar batteries provide a solution by storing excess energy generated during sunny periods. Acting as a reservoir, these batteries allow you to access stored energy when the sun isn’t shining, ensuring a continuous supply of clean, renewable power.

Glass Sheet: The glass casing sheet, typically 6-7 millimeters thick, plays a crucial role in safeguarding the silicon solar cells inside despite its thinness. In a standard solar panel, this glass casing at the front adds durability and protection for the silicon photovoltaic (PV) cells. Beneath the glass exterior, the panel includes an insulation layer and a protective back sheet, which help minimize heat dissipation and humidity within the panel. This insulation is especially important because rising temperatures can reduce efficiency, leading to lower solar panel output. Therefore, solar PV manufacturers take special measures to capture light effectively without overheating the technology.

Standard 12V Wire: A 12V wire plays a crucial role in regulating the energy flow to your inverter, contributing to the sustainability and efficiency of the solar module.

Bus Wire: Bus wires are utilized to connect silicon solar cells in parallel. They are coated with a thin layer for easier soldering and are sufficiently thick to handle electrical currents.

Mounting System: While often overlooked, the mounting system is crucial for the performance and longevity of your solar panel setup. This support structure ensures that the panels are securely anchored and positioned at the optimal angle to capture maximum sunlight. A properly installed mounting system is key to ensuring both safety and efficiency. There are a few kinds of mounting system:

- Fixed Tilt Systems: Panels are installed at a fixed angle, usually optimized for the location’s latitude. These systems are cost-effective but do not adapt to changing sun angles throughout the year.

- Tracking Systems: These advanced systems allow panels to follow the sun’s path, maximizing energy capture throughout the day. Although highly efficient, they come with higher costs and increased maintenance requirements.

- Ground-Mounted Systems: Ideal for larger installations, these systems offer flexibility in panel placement and often provide the highest efficiency.

- Roof-Mounted Systems: Designed for residential and smaller commercial installations, these systems utilize the existing roof structure for panel placement.

Can we make solar panels at home? Building basic solar panels at home is feasible but requires both technical knowledge and experience with mechanical work. Additionally, you will need to purchase several materials. Here’s a summary of what you’ll need and the steps involved:

Essential Materials

1. Solar Cells
2. Tabbing Wire
3. Bus Wire
4. Flux Pen
5. Soldering Iron and Solder
6. Glass or Plexiglass Sheet
7. Encapsulation Material (e.g., EVA sheets)
8. Backsheet Material
9. Junction Box
10. Aluminum Frame
11. Sealant

Construction Steps

1. Prepare the Solar Cells: Arrange the solar cells in rows and connect them in series using the tabbing wire. Solder the tabbing wire to the front and back of each cell. 2. Connect the Rows: Use the bus wire to connect the rows of cells. Ensure the connections align to achieve your desired voltage and current output. 3. Assemble the Cells: Place the connected cells on a backing material like plywood or plastic, ensuring they are evenly spaced and aligned. 4. Encapsulate the Cells: Cover the cells with encapsulation material to protect them from moisture and dust. 5. Add the Glass or Plexiglass Cover: Place the glass or plexiglass sheet over the encapsulated cells to protect them while allowing sunlight to reach them. Seal the edges with sealant to prevent moisture ingress. 6. Install the Junction Box: Attach the junction box to the back of the panel and connect the bus wires to it. This will serve as the panel’s output connection. 7. Frame the Panel: Assemble the aluminum frame around the edges of the panel for protection and structural support. 8. Test the Panel: Use a multimeter to check the voltage and current output of your panel to ensure it operates correctly.

Considerations

Efficiency and Durability: Homemade solar panels may not match the efficiency or durability of commercially produced panels.

Safety: Working with electricity and soldering involves risks. Proper safety precautions are essential.

Cost: The cost of materials might be close to or exceed the price of a professionally manufactured panel, especially for small-scale projects.

In summary, while building solar panels at home is possible, it’s complex and may not be as cost-effective or reliable as purchasing professionally made panels. Consulting a professional or using a reputable solar vendor is often a safer and more practical option for most people.

How to clean the solar panel?

Generally, solar panel requires minimal maintenance. However, it is important to keep an eye on the condition and performance of your home solar panel system. Mostly, you'll need to give your panels a good cleaning. That's because dirt and debris can collect on your panels, especially during storms and long periods without rainfall. Beyond that, you might want to schedule an annual inspection with a solar specialist. They can make sure everything is working properly. Maintaining the cleanliness of your solar panels is crucial for optimal performance. Even a thin layer of dust or dirt can significantly reduce the sunlight reaching the solar cells, leading to lower energy output and decreased efficiency. In some cases, this can reduce efficiency by up to 30%. Preparations Before you begin, gather the necessary equipment and ensure a safe working environment: Soft-bristled brush or squeegee designed for solar panels Mild soap or specialized cleaning solution Bucket and access to clean water Safety gear (gloves, non-slip shoes, eye protection) Cleaning Process Rinse and Apply Solution: Use a garden hose or bucket of clean water to remove loose dirt and debris from the panel’s surface. Start from the top and work downward to avoid scratching the panels. In a separate bucket, mix a mild soap or specialized cleaning solution with water according to the manufacturer's instructions. Scrub Panels Thoroughly: Using a soft-bristled brush or squeegee, gently scrub the panel’s surface in a back-and-forth or circular motion from top to bottom. Apply moderate pressure, focusing on stubborn dirt or bird droppings. Avoid abrasive materials to prevent damage to the panels. Rinse and Dry: Rinse the panels thoroughly with clean water to remove all soap residue and dirt. Use a squeegee or a clean, lint-free cloth to dry the panels, starting from the top to prevent water spots and streaks. Inspect and Repeat: Check the panels for any remaining dirt or streaks. If needed, repeat the cleaning process to ensure the panels are completely clean. This step is essential for maintaining peak efficiency and energy production. Always prioritize safety when cleaning solar panels, especially if they are on a roof. If you're uncomfortable or lack the necessary equipment, consider hiring a professional cleaner.

Additional Considerations

Going solar involves more than just purchasing and installing panels. It requires understanding your energy needs, the suitability of your location, and the best type of system for your situation. Professionals can help assess these factors and guide you through the process to ensure a successful and sustainable transition to solar energy.

Staying informed about the latest technologies, incentives, and regulations related to solar energy is also important, as these can impact your decision and the effectiveness of your investment. By seeking expert advice and thoroughly exploring your options, you can make an informed decision that benefits both you and the environment.

What to Avoid When Cleaning Solar Panels?

• Avoid Abrasive Materials and Harsh Chemicals: Do not use materials or cleaners that can scratch or corrode the panel's surface. Stick to mild, non-abrasive soap and a soft-bristled brush.

• Avoid Excessive Pressure: Refrain from applying too much pressure or scrubbing too vigorously, as this can create micro-cracks or damage the anti-reflective coating on the panels.

• Avoid Cleaning During Peak Sun Hours: Do not clean the panels during the hottest part of the day. The heat can cause water to evaporate quickly, leading to streaking or water spots.

• Avoid Walking on the Panels: Do not walk directly on the solar panels, as this can crack or shatter them.

• Avoid High-Pressure Water Jets: Do not use high-pressure water jets, as they can dislodge the panels or force water into the electrical components, potentially causing damage.

By following these guidelines, you can effectively clean your solar panels while preserving their efficiency and longevity.

When and how often to clean solar panels?

The frequency of cleaning solar panels varies based on factors such as location, weather conditions, and the surrounding environment. As a general guideline:

• Residential Solar Panels: In areas with moderate environmental conditions, it is recommended to clean the panels every six months to a year.
• Commercial or Industrial Installations: In locations with higher levels of dust and pollution, cleaning may be needed every three to six months.

However, it is important to monitor your solar panels at least weekly to check for dirt, debris, and dust accumulation. In Bangladesh, for example, more frequent cleaning may be necessary during the rainy and windy seasons, as these conditions can accelerate the buildup of dirt and debris. Similarly, if your panels are located near construction sites, industrial areas, or busy roads, they might gather grime more quickly and require more frequent cleaning.

In conclusion, while this blog addresses several critical questions about transitioning to solar energy, it's crucial to recognize that these answers are just the starting point. To ensure a comprehensive understanding and a successful solar installation, consulting with a professional or solar service provider is highly recommended. Their expertise will help you evaluate all relevant factors, including system design, financial considerations, and local regulations, ensuring that your solar investment is both effective and tailored to your specific needs. Solaric is the best service provider with reasonable prize if you wish to go solar. Please contact us and visit our website to pursue our services.